A detailed overview of features related to chatbot-based mental health apps found in our study.
App | Purpose | Targeted concerns | Conversation flow | Media types used | Crisis support | Evidence-based techniques |
ADA | Digital screener | Anxiety and depression | Guided | Text | None | CBTa |
Chai | Conversational companion | None | Guided | Text and emoji | None | CBT |
Elomia | Virtual therapist | Stress, anxiety, depression, self-care, sleep disorder, relationship issues, low self-esteem, and loneliness | Open-ended | Text | Access to self-care tools | CBT, mindfulness, positive psychology, and symptoms tracking and monitoring |
Mindspa | Virtual therapist | Anxiety, depression, self-care, relationship issues, and low self-esteem | Guided | Text and video | Availability of crisis related information and access to self-care tools | CBT, mindfulness, positive psychology, and psychoeducation and information |
Nuna | Digital coach | Stress, anxiety, depression, and self-care | Open-ended | Text and emoji | Availability of crisis related information and access to self-care tools | CBT, mindfulness, positive psychology, symptoms tracking and monitoring, and psychoeducation and information |
Serenity | Conversational companion | Anxiety, self-care, sleep disorder, and relationship issues | Guided | Text and emoji | Access to self-care tools | CBT, mindfulness, and acceptance and commitment therapy |
Stresscoach | Digital coach | Anxiety, stress, and panic disorder | Guided | GIFb, text, and emoji | Availability of crisis related information and access to self-care tools | CBT, mindfulness, and psychoeducation and information |
Woebot | Digital coach | Stress, anxiety, depression, self-care, relationship issues, and loneliness | Semiguided | GIF, text, audio, video, emoji | Availability of crisis related information and access to self-care tools | CBT, DBTc, mindfulness, and symptoms tracking and monitoring |
Wysa | Digital coach | Stress, anxiety, depression, self-care, and sleep disorder | Open-ended | GIF, text, audio, video, emoji, images, and acronyms | Availability of crisis related information, access to self-care tools, access to professional therapist, ability to detect potential crisis from the chat, and ability to notify designated personnel | CBT and mindfulness |
Youper | Digital coach | Self-care | Guided | Text | Availability of crisis related information, access to self-care tools, and access to professional therapist | CBT, DBT, mindfulness, positive psychology, psychoeducation and information, and acceptance and commitment therapy |
aCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.
bGIF: graphics interchange format.
cDBT: dialectical behavior therapy.
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